The Nine Conditions of
Shahādah
By Jamaluddin Zarabozo
In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful;
All the praise and thanks are due to Allāh, the Lord of al-`ālamīn.
I testify that there is none worthy of worship except Allāh, and that Muhammad,
Sallallāhu `alayhi wasallam is His Messenger.
What Every Muslim Needs
to Know.
There
is something very important for both the new Muslims and those who grew up in
Islām, without which a person may not really be a "Muslim." It is
called the "Shahādah." The complete statement of the creed of the Muslim
is: "Ash-haduan-Lā-ilāha-illallāh; Wa-ashhaduanna
Muhammadar-Rasū-lul-lāh." (I bear
witness that there is none worthy of worship except Allāh; and I bear witness
that Muhammad is His servant and messenger).
Every
Muslim has been taught that the key to "Jannah" (Paradise) is the
statement in Arabic: "Lā- ilāha-
illallāh." (There is none
worthy of worship except Allāh). Yet
too many Muslims simply rely upon this statement and believe that as long as
they have made this statement, nothing will harm them. They think they
will be granted Paradise because of this mere verbal statement of the
Shahādah.
There
is no question that the mere saying of the Shahādah: "I bear witness that
there is none worthy of worship except Allāh and I bear witness that Muhammad (Sallallāhu `alayhi wasallam) is His
servant and messenger" is not sufficient for salvation. In fact, the
munafiqeen (hypocrites) used to make this statement quite often yet Allāh
describes them as liars and says that they shall abide in the lowest abyss of
the Hell-fire.
True
scholars of Islām tell us that this testimony of faith is our "Muftah
ul Jannah" (Key to Paradise). The famous follower Wahb ibn Munabbih
was once asked;"Isn't the statement of "Lā-ilāha-illallāh"
the key to Paradise?" He answered;"Yes! But every key has ridges.
If you come with the key that has the right ridges, the door will open for you.
Yet if you do not have the right ridges the door will not open for
you."
Think
about it. If you try to drive your car with the key to your house will it work?
Of course, not. So, we see that the statement like a key, must meet certain
conditions in order to work. In fact these conditions are what will determine
who will benefit from the statement and who will not benefit from saying it, no
matter how many times per day they say it. We must work hard to learn,
understand and practice these conditions before we run out time and then it
would be too late for our Shahādah to help us at all. This article has value
only if we use it to look at ourselves and make sure we are really meeting
these conditions.
Then
by Allāh's Mercy, the doors to Jannah will open for us with our KEY (muftah)
of Lā-ilāha-illallāh".
Nine Conditions of the
Shahādah:
The
“Qur`an” and the "Hadīth" (saying narrated from or about the Prophet (Sallallāhu
`alayhi wasallam) regarding his words, actions, or attributes.) are the
ultimate sources for knowledge in Islām. We find contained in them the reality
of the conditions necessary for the "Shahādah" to work as a "muftah"
to the "Jannah" for us. The number might be
understood as seven, eight or even nine depending on how you would categorize
them or combine them together. Regardless of how we would list them or divide
them up, it still remains that we must understand and most important, apply
these conditions of our Shahādah if we are to enter the Jannah. We listed them
here as "nine" in order to give more attention and detail to each and
every aspect. However, the scholars who have listed them as seven or eight have
not left anything out. They have merely combined several for easier
comprehension and memorization.
The
nine conditions of the Shahādah are known as: 1. Knowledge 2. Certainty 3.
Acceptance 4. Submission 5. Truth 6. Sincerity 7. Love 8. Denial of
false worship, and 9. Adherence
That
is, one must have the basic and general knowledge of what is meant by the
Shahādah. One must understand what the Shahādah is affirming and what the
Shahādah is denying. Allāh says in the Qu`an, “So
know that there is no God but Allāh, and ask forgiveness for your sin." (Muhammad, 47: 19).
Similarly,
the Prophet (Sallallāhu `alayhi wasallam) said, “Whoever
dies knowing that there is no one worthy of worship except Allāh shall enter
Paradise.” (This is recorded
by Muslim)
In
fact, the Shahādah itself is a testimony. When one testifies to something, one
must know what it is that he is testifying concerns. Obviously, a testimony
about something that one does not have any knowledge about is absolutely
unacceptable.
Allāh
says in the Qur`an, “Except him who bears witness
unto the truth knowingly." (Al-Zukhruf,
43: 86).
Now
this condition probably sounds obvious; if someone said to you, "There is
no God except Allāh," and then said that what he meant by Allāh was Jesus,
you would immediately tell him that this Shahādah is nonsense. Yet can you
imagine that there is a Muslim country in the world that until recently used to
have a yearly weeklong celebration to "the Gods of the Sea"! All
along they call themselves Muslims and they make the Shahādah numerous times a
day.
This
clearly shows that they have no idea what the meaning of their Shahādah is. Do
you think that this kind of Shahādah will open the doors to Paradise for them?
Today, there are many Muslims who wonder why we should not accept secularism.
They think that there is nothing wrong with secularism! Many of these Muslims
pray five times a day and utter the Shahādah repeatedly. Yet they see nothing
wrong with accepting a Lawgiver other than Allāh? What kind of Shahādah are
these people making?
All
of us do our best to learn at least the basics of Islāmic beliefs, the basics
of what Shahādah means. In this way, Allāh willing, we will be making the
correct Shahādah. We will be witnessing to the truth as we are supposed to be
witnesses to it.
2- Certainty (Yāqin)
This
is the opposite of doubt and uncertainty. In Islām, in fact, any kind of doubt
is equivalent to Kufr or disbelief. We must, in our hearts, be absolutely
certain of the truth of the Shahādah. Our hearts must not be wavering in any
way when we testify to the truth of, "There is none worthy of worship
except Allāh." Allāh describes the believers in the Qur'an as those who
have belief in Allāh and then their hearts waver not. Allāh says, “The (true) believers are those only who believe in Allāh
and His messenger and afterward doubt not, but strive with their wealth and
their lives for the cause of Allāh. Such are the sincere." (Al-Hujjarat, 49: 15)
Similarly,
the Messenger of Allāh (Sallallāhu `alayhi wasallam) said, "No one meets
Allāh with the testimony that there is none worthy of worship but Allāh and I
am the Messenger of Allāh, and he has no doubt about that statement, except
that he will enter Paradise." (This
is recorded by Muslim)
I
ndeed, Allāh describes the hypocrites as those people whose hearts are
wavering. For example, Allāh says: "They alone
seek leave of thee (not to participate in jihad) who believe not in Allāh and
the Last Day and whose hearts feel doubt, so in their doubt they waver." (Al-Tawbah, 9: 45)
Many
scholars have stated that the diseases of the heart, or the doubt and
suspicions that one allows into one's heart, are more dangerous for a person's
faith than lusts and desires. This is because lusts and desires may be
satisfied at some time yet the person still knows them to be wrong and he may
control himself and repent and give up that evil deed. On the other hand, the
doubts and suspicions may linger in the heart, with no cure, until the person
finally leaves Islām entirely or continues to practice Islām while, in fact, in
his heart he does not have the true faith. The greatest cure for these doubts is
seeking knowledge. It is through sound knowledge of the Qur'an and the Sunnah
that most of these doubts will be removed.
3 - Acceptance (Qabūl)
If
a person has knowledge of and certainty in the Shahādah, this must be followed
by acceptance, with the tongue and heart, of whatever that Shahādah implies.
Whoever refuses to accept the Shahādah and its implications, even if he knows
that it is true and certain about its truth, and then he is a disbeliever? This
refusal to accept is sometimes due to pride, envy or other reasons.
In
any case, the Shahādah is not a true Shahādah without its unconditional
acceptance. The scholars all talk about this condition as a general condition
in the way that I have just stated. However, there is also a more detailed
aspect that we must all be aware of. The believer accepts whatever the
implications of the Shahādah are. This also means that he believes in whatever
is stated in the Qur`an or stated by the Prophet (Sallallāhu `alayhi wasallam),
without any right to choose what he wants to believe and what he wants to
reject.
Allāh
says in the Qur`an,
“Do you believe in part of the book and reject part of it? And what is the
reward of those who do so, except humiliation in the life of this world, and on
the Day of Resurrection they will be sent to the most dreadful doom." (Al-Baqarah,
2: 85).
This
is one aspect that the Muslims must be aware of. Although it is not the same as
the complete refusal to accept the truth, by rejecting part of the truth that
has come from Allāh, one also negates his testimony of faith. Unfortunately,
many Muslims are doing this nowadays in various ways. Although not all of these
forms may necessarily be considered apostasy, they are still very dangerous.
For example, if they do not like what is stated in a verse in the Qur`an, they
simply reinterpret the verse according to their liking. If they do not like
what is stated in a hadīth, they simply state that the hadīth must not be
authentic although they are not scholars in that area. This kind of behavior is
the antithesis of the behavior of the true Muslims. Whatever comes from Allāh
and His Messenger (Sallallāhu `alayhi wasallam), the true Muslim believes in as
the truth. This goes hand in hand with their testimony of faith.
4- Submission and
Compliance (Inqiyād)
This
implies the actual physical enactment with our deeds of our Shahādah. In fact,
this is one of the main meanings of the word Islām itself, "the submission
to the will and commands of Allāh." This is what Allāh commands in the Qur`an,
"Turn unto Him repentant, and surrender
unto Him" (al-Zumar, 39: 54).
Allāh
has praised those who submit to His command by their actions. Allāh says, "Who is
better in religion than he who surrenders his purpose to Allāh while doing
good" (An-Nisā’, 4: 125).
Actually,
Allāh has clearly made it a condition of faith that one submits to the command
of Allāh and His messenger. Allāh says, "But
nay, by your Lord, they will not truly believe until they make you [the Messenger
of Allāh] judge of what is in dispute between them and find within themselves
no dislike of which you decide, and submit with full submission" (An-Nisā’,
4: 65)
Unfortunately,
there are many that claim that there is no relationship between faith and
deeds. You can even hear one Muslim saying about another, "That is the
best Muslim I have ever met," yet the other person performs scarcely any
of the deeds of Islām whatsoever. This incorrect understanding of faith has
spread throughout the Muslim world. Indeed, our Shahādah or testimony of faith
must be implemented or realized in our hearts, tongues and actions. In our
hearts, we must have love for Allāh, fear Allāh and hope in Him. With our
tongues we must testify to the Shahādah. And with our actions, we must
implement what the testimony of faith requires from us.
Anyone
who claims to be a Muslim and yet does no deeds either does not understand
Islām whatsoever or is bearing testimony against himself that his testimony of
faith is not a true and correct testimony of faith. This does not mean that the
true believer never commits a sin. Indeed, true believers do commit sins, but
as long as they recognize that what they did is not correct and it is
inconsistent with their obligation of submitting to Allāh, then they have not
violated the soundness of their testimony or Shahādah. But do not forget they
are still sinners. And what is the minimum of submission that is required from
a person beyond whom there can be no claim to faith? For those scholars who say
that the abandonment of prayers is infidelity, it is the five daily prayers.
Whoever does not perform, at least, the five daily prayers have gone beyond the
limit that is acceptable for lack of deeds. Allāh knows best.
5-Truthfulness
(As-Siddiq), As Opposed To Hypocrisy and Dishonesty
This
means that when we say the Shahādah, we are saying it honestly. We actually
mean it. We are not lying when it comes to our testimony of faith. The Prophet
(Sallallāhu `alayhi wasallam) said, "No one
bears testimony to there being no one worth of worship save Allāh, sincerely
from his heart, except that Allāh makes the Hell-fire forbidden for him."
(This is recorded by Al-Bukhari and Muslim)
We
are all familiar with those who say the testimony of faith yet they are not
saying it honestly. They do not believe in it but they are simply saying it in
order to protect them or to get some gain from doing so; these are the
hypocrites.
Allāh
has described them in the opening of the Qur'an with the following words: "And of mankind are some who say, 'We believe in
Allāh and the Last Day,' when they believe not. They think to beguile Allāh and
those who believe, and they beguile none save themselves, but they perceive
not. In their hearts is a disease and Allāh increases their disease. A painful
doom is theirs because they lie" (Al-Baqarah: 8-10).
Obviously,
the Shahādah of those who become Muslims simply to benefit from being Muslim
and not because they believe in Islām will be rejected by Allāh in the
Hereafter. They will face a painful punishment due to their lying.
6- Sincerity (Al-Ikhlās)
That
is, when we make the Shahādah, we must do so solely for the sake of Allāh. We
must not do it for any other reason. And we must not do it for anyone else's
sake. In this manner, the meaning of sincerity is opposite of Shirk or
ascribing partners with Allāh. We became and remain Muslims solely for Allāh's
sake.
Allāh
says in the Qur`an, "Worship Allāh, and making
religion pure for him" (Al-Zumar, 39: 2).
And
Allāh also says, "And they are ordained not
else than to serve Allāh, keeping religion pure for Him, as men by nature
upright and to establish worship and to pay the poor-due. That is true
religion" (Al-Baiyinah, 98: 5)
And
the Prophet (Sallallāhu `alayhi wasallam) added, "Allāh
has forbidden for the Hell-fire anyone who says, 'There is no one worthy of
worship except Allāh,' and say so desiring the face [and pleasure] of
Allāh." (This is recorded by Muslim)
This
is something that we should all think about, especially those of us who grew up
in Muslim families and were born Muslim. We should make it very clear to
ourselves that we are Muslims only for the sake of Allāh. We are not Muslims
for the sake of our parents, friends, family or community. It must be clear in
our minds that we are Muslims for the sake of Allāh first, last and only. One
of the signs that we are Muslims for the sake of Allāh is that we do whatever
Allāh asks of us, regardless of what anybody else desires or wants from us.
That is, in the same way that we are Muslims solely for the sake of Allāh, all
of our actions are done for the sake of Allāh.
However,
sometimes one begins to wonder whether some people meet this condition. Some
people from the Muslim world practice Islām to the extent that it is pleasing
to their families. If there is anything in Islām that their families do not
like- although their families are Muslim and therefore they actually should
like all of Islām- then they do not practice that aspect of Islām. One common
example of that nature is mixing between men and women. Sometimes a brother,
will not mix with women and his wife will remain separate from the men. Yet,
when they return to their homes, because this is not pleasing to their families
who want to mix between men and women, they easily, simply and happily
compromise their religion for the sake of their parents. These people must
sincerely ask themselves why they are Muslims. Are they Muslims for the sake of
their parents and therefore whatever their parents like they will do and
whatever their parents do not like they won't do? Or are they Muslims for the
sake of Allāh and therefore whatever Allāh dislikes they will not do and
whatever Allāh is pleased with they do?
7- Love (Mahabbah)
That
is, the believer loves this Shahādah, he loves in accordance with the Shahādah,
he loves the implications and requirements of the Shahādah and he loves those
who act and strive for the sake of this Shahādah. This is a necessary condition
of the Shahādah. If a person makes the Shahādah but does not love the Shahādah
and what it stands for, then, in fact, his faith is not complete. It is not the
faith of a true believer. And if he loves something more that this Shahādah or
if he loves something more than Allāh, then he has negated his Shahādah. The
true believer, the one meeting the conditions of the Shahādah puts no one
whatsoever as an equal to Allāh in his love.
Allāh
says in the Qur`an, "Yet of mankind are some
who take unto themselves (objects of worship which they set as) rivals to
Allāh, loving them with a love like (that which is due to) Allāh only. However,
those who believe are stauncher in their love of Allāh"
(Al-Baqarah, 2: 165).
And
elsewhere Allāh says: "Say: If your fathers,
or your sons, or your brethren, or your wives, or your tribe, or the wealth you
have acquired, or merchandise for which you fear that there will be no sale, or
dwellings you desire are dearer to you than Allāh and His Messenger and
striving in His way: then wait till Allāh brings His command to pass. Allāh
guides not wrongdoing folk" (Al-Tawbah, 9: 24)
The
Prophet (Sallallāhu `alayhi wasallam) said, "Whoever has three characteristics has tasted the
sweetness of faith. [The first of these] is that he loves Allāh and His
Messenger more than he loves anyone else..." (This is recorded by Al-Bukhari
and Muslim)
This
is one of the most important aspects of Islām yet, for some reason, it is
missing from the lives of many Muslims. They act in Islām as if Islām were a
chore instead of doing things out of the love of Allāh. When Allāh orders us to
do something, like bear witness to the faith, we should realize that that thing
is pleasing to Allāh and, therefore, out of our love for Allāh, we should be
very pleased to do the acts that are pleasing to Allāh. But, as I said, this
feeling is missing from many, many Muslims today.
8: Denial of False
Worship
Although
that is clear in the words of the Testimony of Faith, it does not seem clear to
everyone who makes that testimony. Therefore, I am mentioning it explicitly
here. In Surah Al-Baqarah, Allāh clearly reminds us of this important aspect of
the Shahādah, the Shahādah is not merely an affirmation but it is both an
affirmation and a negation.
Allāh
states, “And
he who rejects false deities and believes in Allāh has grasped a firm handhold
which will never break" (Al-Baqarah, 2: 256).
Perhaps
the Prophet (Sallallāhu `alayhi wasallam) made this point even clearer when he
said: "Whoever says there is no one worthy of
worship except Allāh and denies whatever is worshipped besides Allāh, then his
wealth and blood are protected and his accounting will be with Allāh."
(This is recorded by Muslim)
Although
this condition should be obvious to everyone who says the words of Shahādah,
you can still find Muslims who say the Shahādah and then make acts of worship
for beings or things other than Allāh. You will find them going to the
graveyards and worshipping those in the graves. They will perform acts of
worship, not for the sake of Allāh, but for the sake of the dead
"saints" in the grave. What kind of Shahādah have these people made?
Do you really think that their Shahādah will mean anything on the Day of
Judgment as long as they believe that acts of worship may be done for other
than Allāh?
9- Adherence (Astaqīm)
Until Death
This
is must if the Shahādah is to mean anything for you in the Hereafter. You
cannot rest on your laurels of what you may have done in the past. No, indeed,
the Shahādah must be your banner until your death.
The
Prophet (Sallallāhu `alayhi wasallam) said: “A man
spends a long time doing the deeds of the people of Paradise and then he ends
his deeds with the deeds of the people of the Hell-fire. And a man spends a
long time doing the deeds of the people of the Hell-fire and then he ends his
deeds with the deeds of the people of Paradise." (This is recorded by Muslim)
In
another hadīth, the Prophet (Sallallāhu `alayhi wa sallam) said: "By the One beside whom there is no other God, one
of you does the actions of Paradise until there is just a hand span between him
and Paradise and then the book [preordainment] overtake him and he does the
actions of the people of Hell and he enters into it." (This is
recorded by Al-Bukhari and Muslim)
And
Allāh says: "O believers, observe your duty to
Allāh with right observance, and die not except as Muslims [in complete state
of surrender, submission, obedience to Allāh]" [in complete state of
surrender, submission, obedience to Allāh]" (Al-`Imran, 3: 102).
These
are the conditions or aspects of the Shahādah that each and every one of us
should look deep down into our own hearts and ask ourselves:
·
"Is my Shahādah meeting those requirements?"
·
"Am I saying it sincerely, honestly and out of love for Allāh?"
·
"Am I saying it based on what it really means?"
·
"Am I denying all other false objects of worship?"
·
"Is there any part of my Shahādah that is weak or missing?"
It
is not enough to simply memorize these conditions and the answers to the
questions as though we were on our way to class to take a "pop quiz."
We might meet Muslims or even the teachers themselves, who have totally
memorized these conditions and their meanings so much so that they can recite
every detail. But if we look to the way they act and the way they treat others,
we know that the conditions are not having the right effect on them. This is
proof that no matter how much a person knows, it only matters how much they
live up to it. In the Next Life their knowledge of these conditions of Shahādah
will not benefit them in the least if they have not put them into practice.
Actually, their knowledge will be proof against them because they clearly knew
the conditions, yet they were not willing to live up to them in this life.
As
Muslims we need to ask ourselves right now, before we die and go in front of
Allāh for His Judgment. We need to consider our answers carefully to these
questions. If we are weak in certain areas of these important questions, then
we should work hard to remove that weakness. So that in the Next Life our
Shahādah will be our "Key to Paradise" and the gates of the
Paradise will open wide for us and we will be able to live forever in Allāh's
Jannah with Him being please with us.
"O
Allāh, make us of those who learn, understand and apply the true meanings of
the Shahādah, amīn. Forgive us were we fall short or make mistakes, ameen.
Bring us closer to You by Your Mercy and enter us into Your Jannah, amīn."
Wal Hamdulillahi Rabbil Alamīn
Allāh
Almighty knows best.
[Excerpted
from the article entitled "The Conditions of "Lā ilāha illallāh"
By Jamaluddin Zarabozo, published in Al-Basheer Magazine]
See: Conditions of the Shahādah;See: The Condition of Certainty of
Shahādah;See: The Shahādah and Its Importance
