How Should Missed Solāh Be Made Up?

How Should The Missed Solāh Be Made Up?

A question was raised as how many raka’at one have to prey if one missed the Solāh. Some say one need to pray the Solāh which available on time and I don't have to pray if the prescribe time has gone past.

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful;

All the praise and thanks is due to Allāh, the Lord of al-‘ālamīn. I testify that there is none worthy of worship except Allāh, and that Muhammad, Sallallāhu ‘alayhi wa sallam is His Messenger.

Firstly:The Five daily Solāh is a mandatory tenet of Islam. It is not permissible for a Muslim to delay the Solāh until its time is over with no excuse.

Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta’ala clearly says in the Qur'an: 

“Verily, as Solāh  is enjoined on the believers at fixed hours”

[An-Nisa’, 4:103]

Reasons why Solāh may be delayed until their time is over include sleeping and forgetting. It was narrated that Anas ibn Malik (radiyallāhu`anhu) said: The Prophet of Allah (Sallallāhu `alayhi wa sallam)  said:

“Whoever forgets a Solāh or sleeps and misses it, its expiation is to make it up as soon as he remembers it.”

[Muslim, 684]

With regard to work, study, etc, these are not excuses that allow delaying a Solāh until its time is over.

Allah praises some people by saying:

“Men whom neither trade nor sale (business) diverts from the remembrance of Allah (with heart and tongue) nor from performing As Solāh (Iqamat as Solah) nor from giving the Zakah. They fear a Day when hearts and eyes will be overturned (out of the horror of the torment of the Day of Resurrection)” 

[An-Nur, 24:37]

Secondly: Whoever neglects to observe Solāh until the time for that Solāh is over, with no excuse, has committed a sin which is one of the major sins. He has to repent to Allah and resolve to offer the Solāh regularly on time. Making it up after its time is over will not avail him anything when he has missed it with no excuse. He should also do a lot of nawafil (supererogatory) Solāh, in the hope that they will make up the shortfall in his obligatory Solāh.

With regard to the one who delays a Solāh until its time is over because of a (legitimate) excuse, such as sleeping or forgetting, he has to perform the Solāh as soon as that excuse is no longer in effect, because the Prophet (Sallallāhu `alayhi wa sallam) said:

“Whoever forgets a Solāh let him offer it as soon as he remembers it, and there is no other expiation but that.”

[Muslim]

He should observed the Solāh according the number of rak’ahs he would have performed it if he had offered it on time, no more and no less, and without changing the way it is done.

In the hadith of Abu Qatadah (radiyallāhu`anhu) in Sahih Muslim narrated the situation of how the Prophet (Sallallāhu `alayhi wasallam) and his companions slept and missed Solāh Fajar when on a journey, and (they did not wake up) until the sun had risen. Abu Qatadah (radiyallāhu`anhu) said:

“Then Bilal made the Adzan ( the call to Solāh), and the Messenger of Allah (Sallallāhu `alayhi wa sallam) observed two rak’at, then he observed Solāh Fajar, and he did the same as he did every day.”

[Muslim (681)]

Al-Nawawi (rahimahullāh) said: “The same as he used to do every day” indicates that the way in which missed solat are to be made up is the same way as they would normally be done.

The basic principle according to the scholars is that making up of missed Solāh is identical to the original action.

And Allah Almighty knows best.

[Reference: Islam Q&A Question No 20882]

Description Of The Prophet’s Solāh

1. The Introduction; 1.6. Clearing the Misconceptions
 2.1. Facing the Ka`abah ;  2.2. Standing in Solah ; 2.3. Intention ; 2.4. Takbīratulihram ;

2.5. To Gaze towards the Place of Sujud and Humility;

2.6. Opening Supplications of Solāh; 2.7. The Recitation;

2.8. Ruku ;  2.9. Sujud;   2.10. Second Rak`ah ;  2.11. First Tashahhud;
 2.12. Standing up for the Third, and then the Fourth Rak`ah;
 2.13. The Final Tashahhud;  2.14. The Taslim.

3. Appendixes.; 4. Glossary ; 5. Bibliography.

All About The Solah

1. The Purification;2.The Menstruation; 3. The Ghusul ;

4. Al-Wudhu’ ; 5.Tayammum;

6. The Adzān;

7. The Status and Significance of Solāh; 

8. The Pre-Conditions of Solāh; 9.The Pillars of Solāh;

10. The Sunnah Part of the Solāh; 11. Adhkar in the Solāh;

12.    Du'ā Al-Qunūt;

13. Places Where Offering Solāh Is Prohibited ;

14. Placing a Sutrah In front of One Who is Performing Solah;

15. What is permissible During the Solāh?;

16. The Acts that Renders Solāh Invalid;

17. Disliked Actions during the Solāh;

18. The Solāh in Times of Fear or Danger; 19.The Solāh of a Sick Person ;

20. The Prostrations of Forgetfulness of Solāh;

21. Strengthening the Levels of Worship

22. The Excellence of Nawafil Solāh;

23. Solāh of a Traveler;

24. Solāh Qasar ;25. Solāh Jama’; 26.The Solāh Jama’ ;

27. The Masajid; 28.The Etiquette at the Masjid;

29. The Excellence of Congregational Solāh ;

30. Solāh al-Jumu`ah; 31.The Sanctified Hour of Jumu’ah.

32. The Virtues of Friday; 33.The Etiquette for Solāh al-Jumu`ah ;

34. Dzikirullāh after Solāh; 35.Du`ā Recited After the Solāh. ;

36. Reasons for doing Sujud Al-Sahwi ;

37.    Solāh al-Hajjat ; 38. Solāh al-Tahajjud ; 39. Solāh al-Tarawih ;

40.    Solāh al-Dhuha ; 41.Solāh al-Hajjat ;42.Solāh al-Istikhārah ;

43. Solāh al-Janāzah; 44. Solāh al-Jumu`ah;

45. Solāh al-Kasuf ;46.Solāh al-Khauf ;

47. Solāh al-Marid; 48. Solāh al-Tahajjud ;

49. Solāh al-Tahiyyyatul Masjid;

50. Solāh al-Tarawih; 51. Solāh al-Tawbah; 52.Solāh al-Witr;

53. Solāh al-Wudhu’ ; 54. Solāh Eid ul Fitr